If you are moving to Germany, health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including expats. You must choose between public health insurance (GKV) and private health insurance (PKV). The right option depends on your job status, income, and long-term plans.
1. Public Health Insurance (GKV) – Best for most expats
Public insurance is the standard system in Germany and covers the majority of residents. Coverage is regulated by law, so benefits are similar across providers.
Key features
- Cost is around 14.6% of gross salary plus additional contributions
- Family members (spouse and children) are usually covered at no extra cost
- No medical check is required
- Direct billing with doctors and hospitals
Best public insurance options
TK (Techniker Krankenkasse)
Considered the best option for expats. It offers strong English support, digital services, and easy onboarding.
Barmer
Good customer support and preventive healthcare programs. Slightly less expat-focused than TK.
AOK
Large regional provider with strong coverage, but more German-language oriented and less convenient for newcomers.
2. Private Health Insurance (PKV) – For high earners and freelancers
Private insurance is available only for eligible groups such as high-income employees or self-employed individuals.
Key features
- Premium depends on age, health, and coverage level
- Faster access to specialists in many cases
- More flexible insurance plans
- Often requires paying bills first and claiming reimbursement later
Popular private insurers
Allianz, AXA, Ottonova
Ottonova is known for its digital-first experience and English-friendly interface, making it popular among younger professionals.
3. Public vs Private Comparison
Public insurance has income-based pricing, free family coverage, and stable long-term costs. It is generally best for most expats.
Private insurance offers more flexibility, faster treatment options in some cases, and customized plans, but costs can rise with age and family coverage is usually not included.
4. Which option should expats choose
Public insurance is usually best for employees, students, and people earning below the income threshold. It is stable and widely accepted.
Private insurance is better for high earners, freelancers, or people who want more customized healthcare and are comfortable managing reimbursements.
For most expats moving to Germany, public insurance through TK is often the most practical and reliable option.
